One part of the New York Times online edition that I like to read is “On This Day,” which features a scanned copy of the front page from a prior year on the current day’s date and a reprint of the top articles of that day.
This week has been interesting and instructive. On Jan. 4, 1965, the front page reported President Lyndon B. Johnson outlining the goals of his ”Great Society” in his State of the Union address.
He proposed a number of programs from which America still benefits today, such as Medicare, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the National Endowment for the Arts, Pell Grants, Head Start and Community Action Programs.
The article also mentions issues and ideas that we still grapple with today: government funding for high-speed rail, banning states from adopting right-to-work laws, and reducing the cost of farm programs to direct more assistance “to the small farmer who needs help most.” Interestingly, for you trivia buffs, the article also reports that the “Great Society” speech was the first State of the Union speech in which the president used a teleprompter!
On Jan. 5, 1914, the front page reported that Henry Ford introduced a minimum wage scale of $5 per day to employees of the Ford Motor Company (the highest manufacturing wages in the land) as well as an eight-hour standard work day. He also announced that the company would share its record-breaking profits with its employees through semi-monthly bonuses added to the workers’ paychecks. The company treasurer, James Couzens, was quoted as saying, “It is our belief that social justice begins at home. We want those who have helped us to produce this great institution and are helping to maintain it to share our prosperity…Believing as we do, that a division of our earnings between capital and labor is unequal, we have sought a plan of relief suitable for our business.”
Wow! Henry Ford certainly was not Eugene Debs, and this move was done in part to discourage Ford workers from unionizing, but how many large employers today try to avert unionization by paying wages that match or exceed union wages? Acknowledging the workers’ role in creating the wealth and sharing record-high profits by establishing record-high wages sounds progressive by today’s standards.
Thursday’s front page tells a different story than the others. In contrast to employers that see themselves as agents of economic justice and a Congress and president who together work to create, maintain and improve public programs to fight poverty and preserve the common good, we now read that America has less economic mobility than most other developed nations (Jason DeParle, “Harder for Americans to Rise From Lower Rungs.”) Despite our history as a land of opportunity, Americans born in the bottom fifth income level are much more likely to stay there than their peers in Europe, and those born in the middle rung are more likely to fall down than rise up.
Even so, Congress and the Michigan Legislature have in recent years dismantled, underfunded or weakened programs and tax credits that help low-income workers support their families, and the income gap between management and labor at many of the most successful companies is at a record high.
Times have changed.
– Peter Ruark